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IMPACTThis article explores the consequences of emotional labour on UK NHS ambulance staff and their response to the Covid-19 pandemic. It highlights the challenges faced by ambulance crews while dealing with their emotional labour within the context of organizational settings. Research findings also explain the importance of emergency responders' psychosocial wellbeing. The article has clear relevance as to how frontline staff manage their emotional labour in other emergency service settings, such as the police and fire and rescue services.Alternate :Managing emotions are essential aspect of many jobs, and frontline healthcare workers have to manage and control their emotions while caring for critically ill patients and working in an emotionally-charged dynamic environment;this was particularly the case during Covid-19. Ambulance workers are an important group in this respect but they are currently under-researched. Evidence behind this article comes from data collected from an NHS ambulance trust in England. One of the key contributions of this article is to highlight how frontline ambulance professionals manage their emotional labour while working within the stipulations of organizational constraints.
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With the emergence of coronavirus and the rapidly increasing number of cases, we observed that people were suffering from a lack of information about where to source critical requirements such as oxygen cylinders, beds, ambulance service, and ventilators. In this research paper and project, the authors have designed and developed an interactive information dashboard to access the availability of these resources and requirements at different locations across India from myriad sources. The information dashboard will show information for all the states across India. The dashboard visualizes the number of corona cases, hospital beds, blood bank, etc. The end-users and the COVID-19 support team can imagine all the requirements in the dashboard that is factual and credible within their vicinity from multiple information sources. The user need not search various information sites to search for different conditions. The project collates the data of other requirements from primary sources of information like Twitter and government websites and lists them on the dashboard. The authors used open-source programming and database technologies to display the data per user requirements. The dashboard was helpful to the end-users during COVID-19 times in terms of convenient accessibility and efficiency. © 2022 IEEE.
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Upstream selected clinical sites for recruitment based on patient volume, current state of contraceptive care, regional variation, patient demographics, and health center buy-in to implement Upstream's program with fidelity. Programming content for both teams included the following: 1. educating and coaching clinicians and support staff on how to provide patient-centered contraceptive counseling that is free of bias or coercion;2. providing technical assistance to stock the full range of contraceptive methods;3. supporting billing and coding to optimize reimbursement ofcontraceptive services and methods;4. revising or creating department or agency policies to enable highquality, sustainable practice change related to contraceptive care;5. incorporating a pregnancy intention screening or contraceptive needs assessment question, contraceptive counseling, and documentation of contraceptive method use into clinical workflows, often including the hospital's or agency's electronic health record (EHR) system;6. establishing strategies to ensure that a patient can receive their desired contraceptive method on the same day as their visit, including long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods;and 7. enhancing emergency contraception services. The additional programming areas and technical assistance of the Upstream intervention with partner health practices included: (1) training all agency staff on current best practices and clinical knowledge of high-quality contraceptive care;(2) coordinating clinician precepting for LARC placement and removal;(3) where necessary, providing funding to stock the full range of contraceptive methods;and (4) providing patient education materials for use during clinical visits. EVALUATION STRATEGIES AND EARLY FINDINGS At the outset of the Massachusetts initiative, both teams and representatives from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health and Massachusetts' Medicaid program worked collaboratively to design an evaluation plan for the fiveyear project.
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BackgroundTRIM is an evaluation of the models used to triage and manage emergency ambulance service care for patients with suspected Covid-19 during the first wave of the pandemic in 2020. We aimed to understand experiences and concerns of clinical and managerial staff about implementation of triage protocols in call centre and on-scene.MethodsResearch paramedics in four study sites across England interviewed purposively selected stakeholders from ambulance services (call handlers, clinical advisors in call centres, clinicians providing emergency response, managers) and ED clinical staff from one hospital per site. Interviews (n=23) were conducted remotely using MS Teams, recorded, and transcribed in full. Analysis generated themes from the implicit and explicit ideas within participants’ accounts, following the six stages of analysis described by Braun and Clarke, conducted by a group of researchers and PPI partners working together.ResultsWe identified the following themes:Constantly changing guidelines – at some points, updates several times a dayThe ambulance service as part of the wider healthcare system - changes in other parts of the healthcare system left ambulance services as the default optionPeaks and troughs of demand - demand fluctuated greatly over time, with workload varying across the ambulance service, including an increased role for clinical advisorsA stretched system - resources to respond to patient demand were stretched thinner by staff sickness and isolation, longer job times, and increased handover delays at EDEmotional load of responding to the pandemic - particularly for call centre staffDoing the best they can in the face of uncertainty - in the face of a rapidly evolving situation unlike any which ambulance services had faced beforeDiscussionImplementing triage protocols in response to the Covid-19 pandemic was a complex and process which had to be actively managed by a range of front line staff, dealing with external pressures and a heavy emotional load.
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BackgroundMenopausal symptoms can have a significant effect on workplace attendance and performance, yet limited evidence regarding the impact of menopause transition in the emergency services exists.Previous service evaluation activity in one UK ambulance Trust identified scope for improving staff health and wellbeing during the menopause transition and led to development of national research currently underway. One of the research aims was to understand line manager knowledge and concerns when managing female staff during the menopause transition.MethodsFollowing self-consent, a purpose-designed, online, anonymous, 17-question survey, was developed to understand line manager demographics (age, gender, time in managerial role, number of staff managed, function within Trust), access to menopause transition training and policy, whether they felt comfortable talking about the menopause and managing staff in menopause transition, views about the key work issues and key health concerns of menopausal female staff, and their own key concerns when managing such staff across all functions of one UK ambulance service.The research also sought to explore recommendations for service improvements that could better support managers with staff experiencing the menopause. This research commenced in December 2021 with the survey due to close after 30 days. The responses are due to be analysed using quantitative (descriptive) and qualitative (thematic) approaches.ResultsThis research is in progress but not complete. However, quantitative data analysis will be completed by end of January 2022, including a description of respondent characteristics, and respective knowledge, concerns, and issues. High-level qualitative themes are anticipated to be extracted by end of February 2022 in time for presentation at the conference.ConclusionsThe findings of this novel research will provide insight to the impact of the menopause transition on those in a line manager role within the prehospital ambulance setting and identify initiatives for further research or service development activity.
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BackgroundThe wellbeing of ambulance staff is critical to their safety and safe care delivery. This study examined the perceptions of English NHS ambulance Trust health and wellbeing leads, and the experiences of UK ambulance staff of workplace wellbeing culture and provision.MethodsSemi-structured telephone interviews were undertaken with staff wellbeing leads for eight NHS ambulance trusts in England and with ambulance staff from three NHS ambulance trusts in England, selected to represent services with high, medium or low relative sickness absence rates. Interviews were subsequently transcribed, coded and analysed using Framework Analysis (FA).ResultsWe interviewed eight wellbeing leads and 25 frontline ambulance staff from April-November 2020. Decisions around what was included in or omitted from wellbeing policies sometimes led to conflict between wellbeing leads and their superiors. Ambulance work was perceived as inherently unhealthy because of work stress and the risk of encountering traumatic incidents. Well-being leads understood the adverse impacts of work on mental health for some staff. Ambulance staff wanted empathy, understanding and practical support from managers, but the reality did not always match these needs, because of variability in provision and experiences of health and wellbeing services, poor behaviours or attitudes from line managers, and a stigmatising rather than open organisational culture. COVID-19 not only impacted significantly on staff health and wellbeing, but also challenged how ambulance trusts support them.ConclusionsThe importance of an open organisational culture and the variable availability and experiences of interventions to support staff to stay well at work means that improvements are needed in both to ensure positive staff mental health and wellbeing. Early interventions, improved training for line managers to support staff at work, bespoke wellbeing services and an open culture are key to delivering effective support to ambulance staff, especially in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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BackgroundOne of the consequences of delivering the frontline response during the COVID-19 pandemic has been the reduced capacity of UK Ambulance organisations to provide practical placement opportunities for undergraduate paramedic students. In lieu of traditional ambulance shifts, Virtual Reality (VR) can be used to simulate experiences without the student going through the real event. This service evaluation explores student feedback to understand whether VR technology could bridge the gap.MethodsFramed by the Plan, Do, Study, Act [PDSA] improvement cycle a series of VR simulated scenarios, related to mapped learning outcomes, supplemented practical ambulance placements for undergraduate paramedic students in south west England during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following simulated sessions, participating students were asked to voluntarily complete feedback questionnaires. Using Likert-scale questions, students were asked to rate the quality of tutors and the session content. Collated comments were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and content analysis was used to code and categorise responses based upon frequency.ResultsResults are based on eighty-eight nodes systematically generated from free-text feedback comments provided by fifty-three students who undertook a simulated practice placement utilising VR during April and May 2021. Nodes were reduced to fourteen categories and then condensed into nine themes relating to three domains of learning;affective, psychomotor and cognitive. An overarching theme of ‘enthusiasm for VR learning’ was identified.ConclusionsOverall, the utilisation of VR during simulated scenarios for undergraduate paramedic students appears to be a useful and acceptable adjunct to traditional ambulance shifts. The VR approach appears to be particularly useful for supporting the affective domain of learning with several students reporting increased self-confidence, positive interactions with course facilitators and the opportunity to put classroom knowledge into practice. We recommend that future use of VR should pay particular attention to the quality of simulations and the equipment used.
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BackgroundThe Covid-19 pandemic has imposed unprecedented demands on NHS staff and resources, during which time ambulance staff have been working at consistently high levels of operational pressure. This study explores the impact of prevailing conditions on NHS staff experiences, future employment intentions and key factors in decisions to remain in the NHS or leave.MethodsThe study was undertaken in two ambulance trusts using an online survey (n=500) and qualitative interviews (n=20) between April 2021 – December 2021. Two rounds of survey data collection captured information at different time points in the pandemic. Interview participants were sampled purposively to include frontline staff, line managers and senior managers. Survey analysis was undertaken in SPSS and interviews were analysed thematically.ResultsThe majority of survey respondents were frontline staff: Paramedics (44%);Emergency Medical Technicians (25%) and call-handlers (10%). Mean length of service was 13 years. Compared with prior to the pandemic, staff perceived things were worse in terms of staffing levels (80%), stress (77%), workloads (76%), morale (73%) and their mental health (66%). Key concerns related to abnormally high levels of staff absence, the impact of work on mental and physical health, inadequate time to do the job and making mistakes because of workloads. Almost one-in-five respondents had applied for a non-NHS job in the last six months, including 25% paramedics, and 27% wished to be working elsewhere in 5 years time. The interviews provided complementary detail on experiences and employment intentions, with key issues relating to staffing pressures, work demands and conditions, and burnout.ConclusionThe Covid-19 pandemic has had and continues to have a detrimental effect on workload, morale and both mental and physical health, with implications for staff retention and NHS care delivery. Insights provided by this study are intended to inform approaches to staff retention.
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BackgroundWhilst psychiatric presentations represent 10-12% of ambulance service demand, research into such presentations is disproportionately sparce. This study builds on literature which explores psychiatric dispositions by comparing conveyance rate and on-scene times with other common ambulance service presentations.MethodsThis study was a single centre retrospective observational study investigating on scene time and conveyance rate variances between medical, traumatic and psychiatric presentations to the ambulance service. Call timings and disposition were recorded from computer aided dispatch data and clinical impressions from associated electronic patient records were used to categorise cases. 720 records were sampled between January and December 2019, consisting of 20 randomised cases per month per case type.ResultsAnalysis of variance identified a statistically significant effect of case type on on-scene time (F(2,717) = 7.14), p = 0.001, η2 = 0.02) and conveyance rate (F(2,717) = 8.59, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.02). Across all dispositions patients medical cases required 8.18 fewer minutes (p < 0.001, 95% CI[3.65,12.7]) on-scene than psychiatric cases and 6.67 fewer minutes (p = 0.004, 95% CI[2.14,11.19]) than trauma cases. Psychiatric on-scene times were 9.9 (p = <0.001, 95% CI [3.53, 16.29]) and 10 (p = 0.001, 95% CI [4.37, 15.70]) minutes longer than medical and trauma cases where patients were not conveyed to hospital. Conveyance rates were 15% (p = 0.001, 95% CI[-0.23, -0.06]) lower and 17% (p < 0.001, 95% CI[-0.26, -0.08]) lower in psychiatric and trauma cases respectively than medical cases.ConclusionPsychiatric on-scene times were longer than medical presentations irrespective of conveyance and longer than both medical and traumatic presentations where patients were not conveyed. Conveyance rates in psychiatric presentations were lower than medical cases. Further research is required to understand factors which may contribute to this variation and how this may impact on service and care delivery.
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BackgroundIn January 2021 Yorkshire Ambulance Service and Hull University Teaching Hospitals implemented a pilot COVID-19 lateral flow testing (LFT) and direct admissions pathway to assess the feasibility of using pre-hospital LFTs to bypass the Emergency Department. Due to lower than anticipated uptake of the pilot amongst paramedics, we undertook a service evaluation to assess reasons for low uptake and perceived potential benefits and risks associated with the pilot.MethodsWe undertook semi-structured telephone interviews with 12 paramedics and hospital staff. We aimed to interview paramedics who had taken part in the pilot, those who had received the project information but not taken part and ward staff receiving patients from the pilot. We transcribed interviews verbatim and analysed data using thematic analysis according to the principles of Braun & Clarke (Ref).ResultsParticipants who were involved in the pilot were overwhelmingly positive about the intervention, which they perceived as having limited risks and high potential benefits to the health service, patients and themselves and supported future roll-out. Participation in the pilot appeared to be positively influenced by high personal capacity for undertaking research (being ‘research-keen) and negatively influenced by ‘COVID-19 exhaustion’, electronic information overload and lack of time for training. Barriers to use of the pathway related to ‘poor timing’ of the pilot, restrictive patient eligibility and inclusion criteria. The rapid rollout meant that paramedics had limited knowledge or awareness of the pilot, and pilot participants reported poor understanding of the pilot criteria or the rationale for the criteria.ConclusionsAmbulance clinician involvement in rapid research pilots may be improved by using multiple recruitment methods (electronic and other), providing protected time for training and increased direct support for paramedics with lower personal capacity for research. Improved communication (including face-to-face approaches) may help understanding of eligibility criteria and increase appropriate recruitment.
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BackgroundThe coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) places significant demand on the NHS. This study aimed to measure the preparedness of healthcare professionals working for ambulance services, in both direct-contact patient facing and remote roles, and the impact the COVID-19 pandemic had on their psychological stress and perceived ability to deliver care.MethodsClinicians working for NHS ambulance services were invited to participate in a three-phase sequential online survey during the acceleration phase of the first wave of COVID-19 in the UK. Participants who participated in the first survey and who consented to be re-contacted were asked to complete two further surveys during the peak and deceleration phases of the pandemic. Open and closed-ended questions were used to assess participants’ perceived preparedness in undertaking their clinical duties. In addition, the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) was utilised to measure participants’ anxiety, mood and general health through each phase of the study. A score greater than 12 indicates the participant may be experiencing psychological distress.ResultsPhase one recruited 3717 participants, reducing to 2709 (73%) by phase two and 2159 (58%) by phase three. Overall, mean GHQ-12 scores were 16.5 (± 5.2) during phase one, reducing to 15.2(±6.7) by phase three. Most participants were found to have a GHQ-12 score great than 12 during the first phase (n = 3112, 84%). Factors leading to higher mean GHQ-12 scores were feeling unprepared for the pandemic, a lack of confidence in both using personal protective equipment and managing out of hospital cardiac arrests in patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19.ConclusionsA significant number of participants reported psychological distress, the reasons for which are multifactorial. Ambulance managers need to be aware of the risks to staff mental health and take action to mitigate these, to support staff in delivery of unscheduled, emergency and urgent care under these additional pressures.
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The end of 2019 and the start of 2020 remained the time of the world's largest medical emergency due to Coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 outbreak all over the world. The coronavirus pandemic has highlighted the challenges faced by the healthcare, public safety and economic systems when confronted with a surge in patients that need access to healthcare facilities and a population that must be quarantined or shelter in place. The most obvious and pressing challenge is taking care of acutely ill patients while reducing the risk of transmission within healthcare facilities. This pandemic has also resulted in the manufacturing and service sectors being badly hit globally. As vaccines are not giving any guarantee that we are totally secured from this from this virus, there is an urgent need to take necessary steps to prevent the spread of this virus. As the virus spreads with human-to human interaction, lockdown has been declared in many countries, and the public is advised to observe social distancing strictly. Beyond the obvious need for strengthening medical knowledge and preparedness, there is a complementary need to anticipate and address the engineering challenges associated with this pandemic. Robots can undertake human-like activities and can be gainfully programmed to replace some of the human interactions. Robotic technologies are inherently programmable, and robotic systems have been adapted and deployed, to some extent, in the current crisis for such purposes as transport, logistics and disinfection.
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Introduction Innovative models of service delivery are required to provide Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment for older patients presenting to the Emergency Department with frailty syndromes. Method In 2018, the Older Person’s Assessment Service began a liaison service to the ED, taking referrals from the medical and ED teams for patients who presented with frailty syndromes (falls, cognitive impairment, care dependence, polypharmacy). The service saw 437 patients April–August 2018. 76% of the patients assessed were discharged by utilising available community services, rapid access outpatient follow up and inpatient reablement off the acute site. The service was estimated to avoid 50–80 admissions per month to medicine (saving 17–23 beds a year) and was commissioned as a permanent service. Phase 2 In 2020, a dedicated unit within ED was allocated to OPAS, enabling the acceptance of patients directly from triage and from the Ambulance Service by direct referral. This provided rapid access to specialist assessment, continued access to Elderly Care services, avoided exposure to coronavirus related admissions and the risks of nosocomial infection associated with admission. The service operates from 8 am-4 pm on weekdays. Results Between June 2020 and October 2021, the service saw 1,173 new patients. 988 patients (84.5%) were discharged off the acute site on the day of assessment. 68 (5.79%) patients were admitted to other facilities run by the Health Board (e.g Inpatient Reablement). The average age of an OPAS patient was 83 yrs and had a CFS > 5. Readmission rate at 14 days was 4% (47).Of the 253 patients who were admitted to an inpatient setting, 13.5% (35) contracted nosocomial covid-19. Conclusion The service has been supported and funded to expand into extended weekday hours as a result of this success and there are plans for future 7 day working.
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Groups such as Freedom Angels, Sovereign Nation, the Boogaloo Boys, and Colorado Counties for Freedom have coordinated strong pushback on public health measures in communities and have specifically targeted local health officials by generating messaging that includes personal attacks on integrity, conducting in-person demonstrations at the homes of public health officials, taking out radio advertisements against public health, and using other tactics to pressure public health officials regarding unpopular health orders and mitigation efforts. According to the resulting report, Legal Protections for Public Health Officials, 35 states and the District of Columbia have "criminal statutes punishing individuals who impede public health officials' duties with such behavior." Local health departments have been testing patients, managing case investigations and contact tracing for their communities, managing extraordinary amounts of data, providing wrap-around services forthose isolating or quarantining, hosting communitybased mass testing and vaccination sites, communicating with the public and the media, and regularly convening local partners including business, education, early child care, emergency medical services, police, fire, hospital systems, and providers. The campaign focuses on stopping the harassment of public health professionals by (1) reporting threats and violence against public health and working to hold accountable those who make take these actions;(2) asking Congress to require state and local monitoring and reporting of threats and harassment against public health workers for performing their official duties, including threats related to race, religion, sexual orientation, or gender;and (3) using existing statutes, and supporting new laws, to protect public health professionals.6 Let us all stand behind health officials and the staffs that serve their departments.
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Internet of Things (IoT) is a fairly impending technologically. In recent years IoT technology spreads into all the areas which are, Agriculture sector, Industrial sector, Defense sector, Pharmacy sector, Science and Technology sector, and Irrigation sector etc. Due to its wide verity of applications, the human life becomes very much simpler than the previous. This IoT consists of many smart devices connected to each other with the help of the internet for communicate to each other for better results. With the help of IoT and other smart devices, online patient monitoring system and diagnosis are the innovative solutions for remote patients. Due to COVID-19 pandemic situations, online doctor, patient interactive system is very much essential. To further investigation of the disease or the health issues, initial test results measurements are safe. Consulting a doctor, diagnosing the disease, and Treatment a patient are very much possible through the proposed IOT Based Health Monitoring and Management System is very much useful for rural people. The proposed system is safe and the measured values are very much nearer to the physical patient test result. © 2022 IEEE.
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Due to the increased number of hospitalizations linked to COVID-19 infections, three of NewYork-Presbyterian's inpatient psychiatric units were converted into ICU units. Because many psychiatric patients required both medical and psychiatric care, leadership at Gracie Square teamed up with NewYork-Presbyterian enterprise to dedicate their units to COVID-19 psychiatric patients. A SUSTAINABLE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH CARE UNIT Gracie Square leaders knew that with effective management, a team approach, and precise planning, they could minimize the healthcare crisis's adverse effects. During the implementation phase, leaders identified and categorized some of the problems they would face, such as delay or lack of accurate and timely information, staff shortages, psychological reactions, and equipment shortage, all of which could lead to a failed project and increased mortality. Managing medical and psychiatric emergencies concurrently was difficult;system-wide meetings of Gracie Square senior leaders and other psychiatric facilities of NewYorkPresbyterian Hospital three times a week meant a constant change of COVID-19 protocols for identifying high-risk patients and setting guidelines for how often vitals and pulse oximetry were measured.
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Access to credit can provide a path out of poverty. Improvidently granted, however, credit also can lead to financial ruin for the borrower. Unfortunately, the various regulatory approaches to consumer lending do not effectively distinguish between these two effects of the lending process. This Article develops a framework, based on the household balance sheet, that effectively distinguishes between lending that is welfare-enhancing for the borrower and lending that is potentially (indeed likely) ruinous and argues that the two types of lending should be regulated in vastly different ways. From a balance sheet perspective, various kinds of personal loans impact borrowers in vastly different ways. This difference depends on whether the loan proceeds are being used: (a) to make an investment (where the borrower hopes to earn a spread between the cost of the borrowing and the returns on the investment);(b) to fund capital expenditures (homes, cars, etc.);or (c) to fund current consumption (medical care, food, etc.). From a balance sheet perspective, this third type of lending is distinct. Such loans reduce wealth and are correlated with significant physical and mental health problems among borrowers. Payday loans are the paradigmatic example of the use of credit to fund current consumption. Loans to fund current consumption reduce the wealth of the borrower because they create a liability on the "personal balance sheet" of the borrower without creating any corresponding asset. The general category of loans to fund current consumption includes both loans used to fund unforeseen contingencies, like emergency medical care or emergency car repairs, and those used to make routine purchases. Consistent with the stated justification for creating these lending facilities, which is serving households and communities, the emergency lending facilities of the U.S. Federal Reserve should be made accessible to individuals facing emergency liquidity needs in a partnership with the nation's commercial banks. Loans that are taken out for current consumption but are not used for emergencies also should be afforded special regulatory treatment. Lenders who make nonemergency loans for current consumption should owe fiduciary duties to their borrowers. Compliance with such duties would require not only much greater disclosure than is currently mandated but also would impose a duty of suitability on lenders, which would require lenders to provide borrowers with the most appropriate loan for their needs-among other protections discussed here. These heightened duties also should be extended to borrowers when they take out a loan that increases the debt on a borrower 's balance sheet by more than 25%.
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Purpose>The authors present a location selection model for the field hospital to build after a possible earthquake in Ankara, Turkey using the VIKOR method.Design/methodology/approach>Companies or governments that make location selection decisions to improve their performance in new investment decisions for different service industries. On the other hand, disasters, especially earthquakes, force the governments to evaluate their existing potentialities and develop action plans to improve their middle and long-term preparations. This paper proposes a VIKOR method-based location selection model for the field hospital to build after a possible earthquake. Also, the authors present a methodology using the VIKOR method that how government agencies take action for the field hospital's location selection process via VIKOR methodology.Findings>The modeling and application results show that the field hospital's location selection decision-making process improves considerably using the VIKOR model. This paper shows that the proposed VIKOR-based model can rank alternatives suitability at various criteria targeting to minimize the possible earthquake's impact and obtains a single overall ranking score to select the best alternative.Research limitations/implications>The study does not consider the uncertain nature of the field hospital selection problem. The application part is restricted to the Ankara case. But the proposed model can easily extend for different locations in the world.Originality/value>This paper presents the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework study of the establishment of field hospitals and demonstrates its importance when criteria diversity is restricted.
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Research Question (RQ): How many serious bodily injuries occurred as a result of traffic accidents, and what kind of injuries were those in 2020? Aim: To determine how many seriously injured participants in traffic accidents were in 2020, our purpose was to determine what is the proportion of serious bodily injuries by sex, in which age group the most severe injuries occurred and what is the impact of weather on the number and severity of serious bodily injuries. Method: After reviewing the relevant literature, we used frequency statistics and chi-square tests for the data obtained from the official police website. For the quantitative method, we used an in-depth semi-structured interview with two relevant experts in the field. Results: Regarding road traffic hazards, there are differences between males and females, the youngest and oldest are most at risk in road traffic, and more severe injuries occur in nice weather. Organization: The establishment of an effective traffic safety system is possible only with the prior identification, analysis and elimination of critical causes that affect safety. Society: Greater road safety requires changes in the individual's thinking and acting as a road user. Originality: The originality of the research lies in using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. The topic is very interesting from a social point of view. Limitations/Future Research: The COVID-19 pandemic affects the results. The research should be done for a more extended period, at least ten years. Franc Brear has a university degree in mechanical engineering, a master's degree in information management and a PhD in quality management. He was employed by a major car company for a long time. He initially worked as a specialist in operating systems and databases. This was followed by work in the field of implementation and maintenance of computer design systems and ERP solutions. Recently, he has been doing research work in the field of management, information technology management, business process management, innovation and quality. He is a lecturer at several faculties at the higher, master's and doctoral levels. He conducts individual consultations and organizes seminars for groups in statistics (R, SPSS, SAS, Listel,...), analysis of qualitative data (ATLAS.ti) and writing professional and scientific works (qualitative and quantitative research methods, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Windows , linux,.).Alternate :Raziskovalno vprašanje (RV): Koliko je bilo hudih telesnih poškodb v prometnih nesrečah in kakšne so te poškodbe v letu 2020? Namen: Ugotoviti, koliko hudo poškodovanih udeležencev v prometnih nesrečah je bilo leta 2020, kakšen je delež hudih telesnih poškodb po spolu, v katero starostno skupino spada največ hudih telesnih poškodb in kakšen je vpliv vremena na število in resnost hudih telesnih poškodb. Metoda: Po pregledu relevantne literature smo pridobljene kvantitativne podatke z uradne spletne strani Policije analizirali s frekvenčno statistiko in HI-kvadrat testom. Za kvalitativno metodo pa smo uporabili poglobljeni pol-strukturirani intervju z dvema relevantnima strokovnjakoma iz tega področja. Rezultati: Glede ogroženosti v cestnem prometu obstajajo razlike med moškimi in ženskami, najmlajši in najstarejši so bolj ogroženi v cestnem prometu in več hudih telesnih poškodb se zgodi ob lepem vremenu. Organizacija: Vzpostavitev učinkovitega prometno-varnostnega sistema je možna le ob predhodni prepoznavi, analizi in odpravi ključnih vzrokov, ki vplivajo na varnost. Družba: Večja varnost v cestnem prometu zahteva spremembe v razmišljanju in delovanju posameznika kot udeleženca v prometu. Originalnost: Originalnost raziskave je v uporabi kombinacije kvantitativne in kvalitativne raziskovalne metode. Tema je iz družbenega stališča zelo zanimiva. Omejitve/nadaljnje raziskovanje: Rezultati so pod vplivom pandemije COVID-19. Potrebno bi bilo narediti raziskavo za daljše časovno obdobje, vsaj 10 let.
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The paper is devoted to the substantiation of ways to improve the work of emergency medical care in the context of the spread of coronavirus. The pandemic has increased the burden on the ambulance service, with the number of departures handled by one team increasing to 25 or more per day, compared to 11 in previous years. The average call waiting time and patient hospitalization time have significantly increased. This leads to a decrease in the level of customer satisfaction with the quality of medical services. The key process and point of application of efforts to reorganize the work of the emergency medical care in this situation is the activity of the dispatching service. Improving the dispatch service required building and analyzing a process model and decomposing it into three main sub-processes: resource planning, call handling, analysis, and reporting. The use of a process approach to the organization of emergency services allowed to reengineer and automate the activities of the dispatch service, to achieve coordination of the actions of the departments of medical organizations, to systematize information flows, to create a basis for the development and implementation of a set of measures to improve the quality of customer service. © 2021 IEEE.